Aliens could be driving themselves to extinction with climate change, study suggests

Advanced societies' energy needs may end up killing them

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Through the looking glass: The fact that we have yet to discover alien life continues to baffle scientists. While there are many possible explanations, a new theory offers a rather grim perspective: perhaps advanced alien civilizations reach a point where their own technological progress led to catastrophic climate change, ultimately causing their downfall.

The research, currently under peer review, simulated the rise and trajectories of hypothetical alien civilizations – and the findings are chilling. Even if these advanced societies relied entirely on renewable energy, their relentless demand for power could still overheat their planet, rendering it uninhabitable in less than a millennium.

The bleak prospect stems from the fundamental laws of physics – specifically, the second law of thermodynamics, which dictates that all energy systems must release some waste heat. Astrophysicist Manasvi Lingam, a co-author of the study, explained the concept with an analogy in an interview with Live Science: A small drip from a partially filled bathtub is manageable, but if you allow the tub to keep filling, you'll soon end up with a flooded house.

On a planetary scale, that "flooded house" analogy equates to an overheated, uninhabitable atmosphere caused by unchecked energy demands and the accumulation of leaked waste heat.

The researchers conclude that at current escalating rates, a technologically advanced civilization could render its planet too hot to support life in under 1,000 years – a cosmic blink of an eye compared to the eons it took for planets like Earth to become life-sustaining.

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The study's inspiration partially stems from Earth's own energy trajectory since the 1800s. Human energy consumption reached a staggering 180,000 terawatt hours in 2023 – approximately equal to all the solar energy hitting Earth. According to the study, reigning in energy use through renewable sources and improved efficiency will be crucial for the future.

The researchers propose potential solutions for both alien and human civilizations: halting growth to achieve equilibrium with the planet's capacity, or, perhaps more enticingly, developing technologies to shift energy production off-world. Transitioning to a more sustainable approach, they suggest, could enable civilizations to survive for "up to a billion years."

Though not a primary focus of the study, it also offers an intriguing speculation: perhaps some alien species' escalating energy demands lead to their extinction before they can develop the means to discover or communicate with other intelligent life forms like us.

_{Image credit: Rebekah Smith}