Early radiosurgery for small cranial nerve tumors can prevent future complications

Patients with a small cranial nerve tumor that can cause hearing loss, vertigo, imbalance and ringing in the ears have typically been watched rather than proactively treated, as the risks of early intervention were thought to outweigh the benefits. However, even those patients benefit significantly from non-invasive stereotactic radiosurgery, a multicenter, international study led by UVA Health physicians has found.

Doctors typically treat larger forms of the tumors, called vestibular schwannomas, while taking a "watch and wait" approach to smaller tumors that aren't causing appreciable problems. But the new research, from UVA Health neurosurgeon Jason Sheehan, MD, PhD, and collaborators, could change how asymptomatic schwannomas are managed. Their findings demonstrated that stereotactic radiosurgery – a highly targeted form of radiation therapy – can prevent small tumors from growing over time while at the same time sparing patients from potentially irreversible problems in the future.

About vestibular schwannomas

The patients who underwent radiosurgery using the Gamma Knife system showed consistently better tumor control over time. In this group, 99% of the patients' tumors either stayed the same size, grew very little (less than 25%) or shrank. This was true at 3 years, 5 years, and 8 years. Only one patient's tumor significantly increased in size.

Tumor control was much worse among those who didn't receive radiosurgery: 37% saw their tumors grow significantly at 3 years, 50% at five years, and 67% at eight years.

Even with Gamma Knife radiosurgery to treat the tumor arising from this very delicate neural structure, hearing was preserved similarly in both groups.

Sheehan, an expert in stereotactic radiosurgery and brain tumors, urges physicians to take note of the findings because tumor symptoms are often irreversible as the tumor grows. Acting early, before symptoms develop, could greatly improve patients' long-term quality of life, he says.

"In brain surgery, particularly involving the hearing and balance nerve, our approach must be exceedingly refined," he said. "This study shows that Gamma Knife radiosurgery substantially improves the future trajectory of vestibular schwannoma patients."

Findings published

The researchers have published their findings in the scientific journal Neurosurgery. A full list of the authors and their disclosures is included in the paper.

Source:

University of Virginia Health System

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