Abortion Ballot Results: Florida And Nebraska Reject New Protections, Montana Passes Abortion Rights Amendment

Topline

Voters in Nebraska narrowly approved a measure that leaves in place abortion restrictions Tuesday, as the state and Florida became the first states since Roe v. Wade was overturned where ballot measures broke against abortion rights—though four other states have so far voted to protect reproductive rights, including Arizona. (This page will be updated as results come in.)

Key Facts

Florida: Amendment 4 would have amended the state’s Constitution to make clear no law “shall prohibit, penalize, delay, or restrict abortion before viability or when necessary to protect the patient's health and overturned the state’s existing six-week abortion ban—and while the amendment garnered 57% of the vote as of 9:15 p.m. EST, that falls short of the 60% that was needed to pass, The Associated Press projects.

Arizona: Proposition 139, for which the AP projected a win at 3:31 a.m. EST with 62.3% support, would create a “fundamental right to abortion” in the state Constitution, which prohibits the state from banning abortion before a fetus is viable and would overturn the state’s 15-week ban.

Missouri: The Right to Reproductive Freedom amendment, which the Associated Press called at 12 a.m. EST on Wednesday with 53% support, will override the state’s near-total abortion ban, specifying in the state constitution that the state cannot interfere with a person’s “fundamental right to reproductive freedom” or prosecute anyone for having an abortion or aiding in one.

Colorado: The Right to Abortion proposal, which the AP called at 10:30 p.m. EST with 61.5% support, will add the right to an abortion to the state’s Constitution, also specifying the state cannot deny health insurance coverage for abortion—though the state currently has few abortion restrictions.

Maryland: The Right to Reproductive Freedom amendment, which the Associated Press called at 9:30 p.m. EST with 74% supporting it, will amend the state Constitution to say people “have the right to reproductive freedom,” including on “decisions to prevent, continue or end one’s own pregnancy,” though abortion is already legal in the state.

New York: The Equal Protection of Law amendment, which the AP called at 9:30 p.m. EST with 72.3% support, would more broadly amend the anti-discrimination language in New York’s Constitution, including adding protections from discrimination based on “pregnancy, pregnancy outcomes, and reproductive healthcare and autonomy,” ensuring abortion will remain legal in the state.

Montana: Constitutional Initiative No. 128, which the AP called at 6:00 a.m. EST with 56.8% support, would allow abortion until the fetus is viable, and after that if medically necessary, amending the state Constitution to “expressly provide a right to make and carry out decisions about one’s own pregnancy, including the right to abortion,” further ensuring abortion access cannot be taken away in the state after courts have previously upheld it.

Nebraska (Anti-Abortion Access): The state had two competing measures on abortion on the ballot, with the AP reporting as of 1 a.m. EST that the anti-abortion rights measure had passed with 53.8% support; it will enshrine the state’s existing 12-week ban in the state Constitution, outlawing abortion after the first trimester except in cases of rape, incest or medical emergencies.

Nebraska (Pro-Abortion Access): The state’s other abortion ballot measure, which according to AP has failed to pass with around 49% voting for it at 3.27 a.m. EST, would have legalized abortion until the fetus is viable or when medically necessary, overturning the state’s 12-week ban.

Nevada: The Right to Abortion Initiative, which the AP called at 3:21 a.m. EST with 63.3% support, would guarantee the “fundamental right to abortion performed or administered by a qualified health care practitioner until fetal viability, or when needed to protect the life or health of the pregnant patient,” though abortion is already allowed in the state. As it has passed with a simple majority, the measure will need to appear on the ballot during the 2026 midterms.

South Dakota: Amendment G—which failed to pass with around 61% no votes, according to an AP call at 2:49 p.m. EST—would have overturned the state’s current ban and impose escalating restrictions on abortion further into a pregnancy, allowing abortion without any restrictions within the first trimester of a pregnancy, abortion in the second trimester only for a reason that’s “reasonably related to the physical health” of the pregnant person, and abortion in the third trimester only when necessary to the pregnant person’s life or health.

What To Watch For

It remains to be seen how long it will take for all the races to be called, as that will depend on how close the races are.

Crucial Quote

“Tonight, Floridians made their voices heard loud and clear, demanding an end to the state’s restrictive 6-week abortion ban,” Floridians Protecting Freedom, the main group advocating for the state’s abortion measure, said in a statement Tuesday night. “While Amendment 4 fell just short of the 60%, a clear majority of voters have demanded lawmakers repeal the extreme abortion ban”

What We Don’t Know

If and how the abortion ballot measures could help or hurt Vice President Kamala Harris and former President Donald Trump in the states where they’ve been brought. Democrats have traditionally viewed abortion ballot measures as helping to boost their candidates, believing more Democratic voters will be persuaded to vote because they want to back the ballot measure, and will then vote for Harris as well. Trump campaign political director James Blair told The Washington Post the Trump campaign believes the ballot measures may actually help them, however, as polling suggests abortion ballot measures are more popular than Harris, suggesting voters will split their vote to back both abortion remaining legal and Trump. That’s because voters might believe their vote preserving state abortion access means they don’t have to consider it as a key issue for the presidential race, and therefore will back Trump even though there’s a greater likelihood he would act against abortion rights. Either line of thinking could have major implications for the presidential election, given that abortion is on the ballot in the major swing states of Arizona and Nevada.

Big Number

56%. That’s the share of U.S. voters in an October YouGov poll who broadly said they would support a hypothetical ballot measure in their state enshrining a right to abortion before the fetus is viable in their state Constitution, in line with polls showing a majority of Americans support abortion remaining legal and oppose abortion bans. That being said, a 53% majority also said they would support prohibiting abortion after the third trimester except in cases of rape, incest and medical emergencies, as Republicans have decried abortions later into a pregnancy.

Chief Critics

This year’s abortion ballot measures have faced heavy resistance from Republicans and anti-abortion advocates in the states where they’ve been brought. Measures in states including Missouri, Montana and New York were allowed to stay on the ballot by judges after legal challenges were brought against them, for instance, and while the measure will appear on the ballot, litigation is still ongoing over South Dakota’s referendum. Florida’s abortion ballot measure has been attacked the most, as GOP Gov. Ron DeSantis’ administration has opposed the measure through such steps as a state health agency creating a website to advocate against it, DeSantis launching an investigation into signatures supporting the measure and the governor suggesting the state would bring criminal charges against television stations airing ads in support of the measure. A judge issued a restraining order preventing DeSantis’ administration from taking action against television advertisements as a result, ruling the state was “trampling” on free speech rights.

Key Background

Abortion ballot measures have become a key tool for abortion rights advocates to preserve access to the procedure in the wake of the Supreme Court overturning Roe v. Wade in June 2022. The measures have become a way for abortion rights supporters to harness public opinion in favor of legalizing the procedure, overriding anti-abortion lawmakers in states that have banned or are at risk of banning abortion, and ensuring that even if abortion is legal in a particular state, lawmakers will not be able to ban it in the future. Kansas was the first state to put abortion on the ballot in August 2022, with California, Kentucky, Michigan, Montana and Vermont following in the 2022 midterms and Ohio voting on abortion rights in 2023. All races have broken in favor of abortion rights, part of a broader trend of pro-abortion rights candidates winning at the ballot box in races where abortion is a central issue.

Further Reading